Gurka Polonka
Shortly before the liquidation of the ghetto, since many of its inmates knew about the imminent murder operation, they went into hiding. On the evening of August 18, 1942 Gendarmerie men and Ukrainian auxiliary policemen surrounded the ghetto. On August 19 the Jews were ordered to assemble at Bazarnaya Square for registration. After the registration had been carried out, a group of artisans and craftsmen was selected while the rest were told to appear the next morning at the same collection point. The specialists, along with staff members of the Jewish hospital, were taken to Gurka Polonka (in Ukrainian Hirka Polonka)Forest about 8 kilometers southwest of Łuck. They were joined near Polonka village by a group of Jewish men from the Krasne labor camp, some municipality workers, and residents from the surrounding localities. All of them had to dig several large mass graves in the course of 24 hours. Between August 20 and 23 Jewish men, women, children, and old people, who had all been collected at Bazarnaya Square were loaded in groups of 35-40 onto several dozen trucks and, under the guard of Gendarmerie and Ukrainian auxiliary police, taken to Gurka Polonka. The children from the local Jewish orphanage were taken to the site as well. According to one testimony some hospital staff and members of their families committed suicide. This testimony also stated that when the Jews were loaded onto trucks and taken from the city to the murder site cheerful songs were played from loudspeakers positioned around the city. Josef Glueck, the SA officer who was, among other things, in charge of Jewish affairs at the Gebietskommissar office,was present during the liquidation of the ghetto. Upon their arrival at the shooting site, the Jews were forced to get off the trucks and to strip naked. Those who refused were beaten by Ukrainian policemen. According to one testimony, the elderly and infirm people were pulled from the trucks by Ukrainian and Gendarmerie policemen and thrown into the pits. The victims, in groups of 6 to 8, were forced into the pits, made to lie face down, and then shot to death with machine-guns in the back of the head by Gendarmerie officers. Then another group of victims was placed on the top of them and murdered in the same way. The members of the local Jewish council and the Jewish policemen were shot to death at this site as well. The clothes of those murdered were taken by truck to the city, where they were sorted. Municipality workers and men from the area covered the victims with earth (or, according to one testimony, with chlorine). Ukrainian auxiliary policemen who were guarding the shooting site carried out control shots of those victims who might still be alive. During the following days several hundred Jews were found in hiding in the ghetto or in the city by Ukrainian policemen and also shot to death at the site. After this murder operation a group of Jewish workers from the Krasne labor camp sorted the Jewish property left in the ghetto and then handed it over to the authorities. Apparently in the first half of September (according to one testimony, on Rosh Ha-Shana eve) about 300 inmates of the small ghetto (that had been set up at the end of August), mainly women, children, and most of the remaining Jewish doctors and medical staff, were driven by Ukrainian auxiliary policemen and members of the Gendarmerie out of their homes and taken to the Lubart Fortress. At the same time a selection under the command of Josef Glueck was carried at the Krasne labor camp, during which skilled workers and specialists were left at the camp, while a group of about 150 Jews, mainly men (but including some women and teenagers) who had hid during the liquidation of the main ghetto and managed to find temporary refuge in the camp were taken to the former regional police headquarters located near the camp. The next morning they were taken to the Lubart Fortress and, together with Jews from the small ghetto, were loaded onto trucks and taken to Gurka Polonka, where they were all shot to death, apparently by a Gendarmerie murder squad. Heinrich Lindner, the Gebietskommissar of Łuck, was in charge of this large murder operation. On December 12, 1942 a group of Jews from the Bolesław Chrobry labor camp was murdered at the site as well, apparently by an SS unit.
More information: Yad Vashem
Lubart Fortress
On June 30, 1941 300 Jewish men were taken by the Germans to the Lubart Fortress. According to one testimony, the Jews were made to dig a big pit for themselves in the courtyard near the eastern part of the fortress prison. Then, at sunset, they were taken in groups of 20-30 to the edge of the pit and shot to death by members of Sonderkommando 4a, under the command of Paul Blobel. The shooting ended at approximately 11 p.m.
On July 1 notices were posted around the city ordering Jewish men from age 16-60 to report with shovels on the following day to the courtyard of the Lubart Fortress to repair the drainage system. On July 2, 1941 a large group of Jews was assembled at the site: several skilled workers were released, while the remaining 1,160 Jews were taken to a trench that had been prepared on the eastern side of the prison. Over the next several hours the Jewish men were shot in groups of 30 by members of Sonderkommando 4a, the Order Police (Schutzpolizei), and an infantry platoon.
More information: Yad Vashem
Bolesław Chrobry Labor Camp
In early December 1942 rumors spread that the remaining Jews who were working in the workshops at the labor camp on Bolesław Chrobry Street were about to be murdered at Gurka Polonka. A group of carpentry shop workers organized resistance by collecting axes, knives, and iron bars, along with several pistols and a rifle - in order to die with honor. According to one testimony, on the evening of December 11, 1942, a Gendarmerie unit and Ukrainian auxiliary policemen surrounded the labor camp and forced many of its workers into the carpentry shop. According to the same testimony, on the next day, December 12, early in the morning, a Security Police and SD unit, apparently with additional Gendarmerie and Ukrainian auxiliary forces from the city of Równe, arrived by truck at the camp. When an SS man, accompanied by the SA officer Josef Glueck,entered the carpentry shop and ordered everyone to get out and climb onto the trucks, the Jews inside opened fire, killing several Germans and forcing the members of the Gendarmerie and Ukrainian auxiliary police to retreat. After several hours of fighting, during which armored vehicles fired artillery shells into the camp, the Germans threw hand-grenades into the carpentry shop, setting it on fire. Many Jews trapped inside were killed on the spot; others in a nearby building committed suicide. Only a handful of Jews surrendered to the Germans. Although this was in accord with an agreement made with the latter, the Jews were shot to death at Gurka Polonka. Heinrich Lindner, the Gebietskommissar of Łuck who had been just appointed commander of the labor camp, was in charge of this murder operation, apparently on the personal order of Erich Koch, the Reich Commissar of Ukraine.
More information: Yad Vashem